Rabu, 18 April 2012

Bahasa Inggris ke-3

1.        Which of the following is NOT true?
a.       Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
b.       The games were held in Greece every four years.
c.       Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
d.       Poem glorified the winners in song.
Answer : c. battles were interrupted to participate in the games

2.      The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…
a.       Aristocracy                                      c. intellectuals
b.       Brave                                              d. muscular
Answer : a. Aristocracy

3.      Why were the Olympic Games held?
a.       To stop wars                       c. To crown the best athletes
b.       To honor Zeus                      d. To sing songs about the athletes
Answer : b. To honor Zeus

4.     Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
a.       800 years                b. 1,200 years                c. 2,300 years               d. 2,800 years
Asnwer : b. 1,200 years

5.      What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
a.       They were pacifists.
b.       They believed athletic events were important
c.       They were very simple
d.       They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates
Answer : b. They believed athletic events were important

6.      What is the main idea of this passage?
a.       Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks
b.       The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs
c.       The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games
d.       The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were over.
Answer : a. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks
7.      In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to
a.       Accomplishments
b.       Ancestors
c.       Documents
d.       Property
Answer : a. Accomplishments

8.      Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
a.       They must have completed military service
b.       They had to attend special training sessions
c.       They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
d.       They had to be very religious
Answer : c. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record

9.      The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..
a.       Encourages
b.       Started
c.       Curtailed
d.       Fixed
Answer : c. Curtailed

10.    What is an “Olympiad”?
a.       The time it took to finish the games
b.       The time between games
c.       The it took to finish a war
d.       The time it took the athletes to train
Answer : b. The time between games


STYLISTIC PROBLEMS
1.        The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions ____________
a.       Because he was afraid it would incriminate him.
b.       For fear that they will incriminate him
c.       Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him
d.       Fearing that he will be incriminated by it
Answer : c. Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him
2.      Mrs. Walker has returned_______________
a.       A wallet back to its original owner
b.       To its original owner the wallet
c.       The wallet to its originally owner
d.       The wallet to its original owner
Answer : d. The wallet to its original owner

3.      The hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.
a.       The government twenty million dollars
b.       For the government twenty million dollars
c.       To the government twenty million dollars
d.       Twenty million of dollars to the government
Answer : d. Twenty million of dollars to the government

4.     Sarah ____________ that she could not attend classes next week.
a.       Told to her professors
b.       Said her professors
c.       Told her professors
d.       Is telling her professors
Answer : d. Is telling her professors


5.      The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because___________
a.       He painted very good
b.       They believed he painted well
c.       Of their belief that he was an good artist
d.       The judges had been told of his talents
Answer : a. He painted very good


6.      If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and
                                A         B                                 C                
have to pay a fine.
D
Answer : D. Because the sentence above must be parallelism. Stopped and ticketed, both of them are verb but have to pay a fine is a new clause, so it must be change with verb too, such as : fined.
And the right sentence is “If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed, and fined.”

7.      Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night
                                                       A                              B
because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
                   C                                        D
Answer : C. Because this sentence must be used The past perfect tense (s + had + past participle (v-3)) because the accident happened first.

And the right sentence is Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last night because he had had an accident an accident on his way to teh practice.

8.      A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams of her daughter
          A                                         B                                   C
who lives overseas.
                           D
Answer : C. Because ‘the dream process’ is perfectly ‘finish’,  so we should use the past perfect tense.
And the right sentence is “A short time before her operation last month , Mrs.Carlyle  had dreamed  of her daughter who lives overseas.”

9.      The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
                                  A                                                       B
who have the good fortune to visit there.
  C                 D

Answer : B. Because The sentence above must be parallelism. Open and warm, both of them are adjective.  So must be following with adjective too. Gives a welcome feeling is a new clause. Change it with welcome.
And the right sentence is “The atmosphere in Andalucia is open, warm, and welcome to all who have the good fortune to visit there.”

10.    Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade,
 A                           B                              C
while others were singing songs.
 D
Answer : C. Because The sentence above must be parallelism. So watched  must be change with the same tenses too.
And the right sentence is “Some of the people were standing in the street watching the parade, while others were singing songs.”



Sabtu, 31 Maret 2012

Tugas Ke-2

EXERCISE 1
(RIGHT) 4. The players on the winning team in the competition put forth a lot of effort.
                     Kalimat diatas sudah benar karena sudah ada plural objek dan verb untuk plural
                     objek.
                     The players = plural objek
                     put = verb untuk plural objek (sedangkan kalau singularnya = puts)

TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 1-3)
2. The languages of the world (A)presents a vast (B)array of structural (C)similarities and (D)differences.
wrong word : (A) presents
The languages of the world : plural subject.
Presents : verb for singular subject (VERB+s/es)
Right sentence : The languages of the world present a vast array of structural similarities and differences.

3. The rise of multinationals (A)have (B)resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals (C)can (D)operate in so many jurisdictions.
wrong word : (A) have
The rise (of multinationals) : singular subject
Have : modal auxiliary for plural subject
Right sentence : The rise of multinationals has resulted in a great deal of legal ambiguity because multinationals can operate in so many jurisdictions.

4. All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States (A)has even (B)numbers, while north-south interstate highways (C)are (D)odd-numbered.
wrong word : (A) has
All of the east-west interstate highways : plural subject
Has : modal auxiliary for singular subject
Right sentence : All of the east-west interstate highways in the United States have even numbers, while north-south interstate highways are odd-numbered.

5. (A)When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud (B)exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos (C)were (D)detected on Earth.
wrong word : (C) were
a wave : singular subject
were : auxiliary verb for plural
Right sentence : When a massive star in the large Magellanic Cloud exploded in 1987, a wave of neutrinos was detected on Earth.

6. Every open space in the (A)targeted area that (B)has grass and a few bushes (C)are (D)occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.
wrong word : (B) has
Every open space : plural subject
Has : modal auxiliary for singular subject
Right sentence : Every open space in the targeted area that have grass and a few bushes are occupied by the white-crowned sparrow.

7. Krakatao (A)is remembered as the volcano that (B)put so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world (C)was affected for two years (D)afterward.
wrong word : (B) put
Krakatao : singular subject
Put : verb for plural subject
Right sentence : Krakatao is remembered as the volcano that puts so much ash into the air that sunsets around the world was affected for two years afterward.

8. The term “Yankee” (A)was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States (B)are (C)referred (D)to as a Yankee.
wrong word : (B) are
anyone : singular subject
are : auxiliary verb for plural
Right sentence : The term “Yankee” was originally a nickname for people from New England, but now anyone from the United States is referred to as a Yankee.

9. A network of small arteries, mostly (A)sandwiched between the skin and the (B)underlying muscles, (C)supply (D)blood to the face and scalp.
wrong word : (C) supply
A network of small arteries : singular subject
Supply : verb for plural subject
Right sentence : A network of small arteries, mostly sandwiched between the skin and the underlying muscles, supplies blood to the face and scalp.

10. Mesquite (A)is a (B)small tree in the Southwest (C)who can (D)withstand the severest drought.
wrong word : (C) who
Mesquite : subject (noun)
Is : auxiliary verb for singular
Who : relative prounoun for person
Right sentence : Mesquite is a small tree in the Southwest that can withstand the severest drought.



http://gunadarma.ac.id/

Senin, 19 Maret 2012

TOEFL

                                                Tulisan ini dibuat guna melengkapi Mata Kuliah Softskill
http://gunadarma.ac.id/




SEJARAH TOEFL

 
PENGERTIAN
TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) adalah singkatan dari Test Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing. Tes ini dirancang untuk mengukur kemampuan Bahasa Inggris orang berbahasa non-Inggris dan dibagi menjadi tiga bagian. Pengujian diberi batas waktu untuk setiap bagian dan menggunakan pertanyaan pilihan ganda dengan empat pilihan yang mungkin untuk setiap pertanyaan.

LATAR BELAKANG TOEFL
TOEFL sebelumnya bernama CAL (pusat Linguistik Terapan) yang berbasis di Washington DC dan didirikan pada tahun 1959. CAL adalah sebuah nirlaba yang berkomitmen untuk meneliti hubungan antara bahasa dan budaya. Direktur pertama CAL yakni Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998) yang pernah menjadi seorang profesor di Universitas Hardvard. Ferguson dipandu pusat membuat suatu solusi praktis dari pengembangan terhadap bahasa yang diterapkan. Salah satu proyek awal Ferguson adalah pengembangan tes yang akan mengukur perintah bahasa untuk mahasiswa dan pegawai pemerintah. Ferguson dan peneliti mengembangkan tes TOEFL selama lima tahun pertama CAL. TOEFL pertama kali diambil oleh pusat pada tahun 1964.
Sebuah lembaga organisasi standar pengujian internasional di Amerika telah mengelola tes TOEFL yakni ETS (Educational Testing Service). Menurut ETS, antara 1964 dan 2008, 24 juta orang, sebagian besar siswa internasional, telah mengambil tes ini. Diperkenalkan pada tahun 2005, ujian berbasis internet telah menggantikan format berbasis komputer dan berbasis kertas, dengan hasil berbasis komputer diperintah tidak lagi berlaku pada tahun 2006.
Pada awalnya, TOEFL diperlukan bagi para pelajar di negara-negara yang bahasa utamanya bukan bahasa Inggris, tetapi ingin melanjutkan studi ke negara-negara yang bahasa resminya adalah bahasa Inggris, seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan negara-negara Eropa Barat.
Ini diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa siswa-siswa dari negara berbahasa non-bahasa Inggris tersebut dapat mengikuti perkuliahan di negara berbahasa Inggris dengan baik. Antara lain untuk :
·      Memastikan bahwa mahasiswa tersebut memahami uraian yang diberikan dosen dalam bahasa Inggris (listening skill).
·      Mahasiswa memahami buku-buku textbook yang diwajibkan (reading skill).
·      Mahasiswa mampu membuat tulisan ilmiah dengan tatabahasa yang benar (writing & grammar skill).
PERLUASAN PENGGUNAAN TOEFL
Seiring perkembangan zaman, bahkan negara-negara yang bahasa ibunya bukan bahasa Inggris, seperti Jepang, Korea, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, dll mensyaratkan TOEFL Score tertentu bagi calon mahasiswanya, baik yang datang dari dalam negeri, apalagi jika berasal dari luar negeri. Di Indonesia, TOEFL bahkan digunakan juga untuk :
·     Persyaratan bagi penerimaan karyawan baru di instansi pemerintah, perusahaan pemerintah dan swasta.
·     Syarat penerimaan mahasiswa baru untuk jenjang S2 dan S3.
·     Syarat pengajuan beasiswa, baik dari pemerintah maupun swasta.

PERKEMBANGAN TOEFL
TOEFL sendiri sudah beberapa kali mengalami penyempurnaan oleh lembaga penyelenggaranya yaitu ETS. Bentuk-bentuk TOEFL Test yang pernah diperkenalkan ke publik yaitu :
1.   TOEFL Paper Based Test
Terdiri atas 3 section : Listening, Structure, and Reading.
Maximum Score : 677
2.   TOEFL Computer Based Test
Terdiri dari 4 Section : Listening, Structure, Reading, Writing.
Maximum Score : 300
3.   TOEFL Internet Based Test
Terdiri dari 4 section : Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking.
Maximum score : 120
Meskipun resminya, sejak TOEFL Internet Based Test diperkenalkan di seluruh dunia, maka jenis sebelumnya tidak berlaku lagi, tetapi kenyataannya sampai saat ini, TOEFL Paper Based Test masih digunakan secara luas di berbagai lembaga pendidikan tinggi maupun untuk rekrutmen karyawan di Indonesia, atau di negara-negara yang bukan berbahasa Inggris.

NILAI PADA TOEFL
Meskipun tidak ada skor lulus atau gagal untuk TOEFL, umumnya skor 400 dianggap rendah dan skor 600 atau di atas sangat baik. Setiap perguruan tinggi, universitas, atau lembaga memiliki sendiri persyaratan skor TOEFL masuk. Nilai diperlukan bervariasi, tergantung pada bidang studi (non-teknis atau teknis) dan program (dua tahun, sarjana atau pascasarjana) yang Anda lamar. Skor 400 atau di atas untuk program dua tahun, 500 atau di atas untuk program sarjana, dan 550 atau di atas untuk program pascasarjana umumnya diperlukan.

Sumber :



Sabtu, 17 Maret 2012

Toefl Exercise

EXERCISE A
( Wrong ) 5. In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the
                     house.
                     This sentence is wrong because there are no subject and verb.
·   In a box on the top shelf the cabinet = preposition
·   In the hallway of the house = preposition
    Correction: Ruri take a tie in a box on the top shelf of the
 cabinet in the hallway of the house.

EXERCISE B
( Wrong ) 3. The tall green trees along the road.
                    This sentence is wrong because there is no verb.
·   the tall green trees = subject
·   along the road = preposition
                     Correction: The tall green trees are along the road.
·   are = verb

TOEFL EXERCISE
4. In 1867, ______ Alaska from the Russians for $7,2 million.
     A. Purchased the United States                 C. the United States purchase of
     B. to purchase the United States               D. the United States purchased
A, B, C  are not correct, and D is the best answer because it match with the meaning of the sentence and suitable for the past sentence


http://gunadarma.ac.id/